Search Operators Reference

Restrict results to a specific domain or subdomain

site:github.com machine learning

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Yandex

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Restrict to specific file type (pdf, doc, xls, etc.)

filetype:pdf annual report 2024

Google Bing DuckDuckGo

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Alias for filetype — restrict to file extension

ext:csv budget data

Google

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Term must appear in the page title

intitle:"write for us" SEO

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Google Scholar LinkedIn X-Ray

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All terms must appear in the page title

allintitle:best SEO tools 2024

Google

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Term must appear in the URL

inurl:admin login

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Yandex LinkedIn X-Ray

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All terms must appear in the URL

allinurl:blog seo tips

Google

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Term must appear in the page body text

intext:"password reset" site:example.com

Google

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All terms must appear in the page body

allintext:privacy policy GDPR

Google

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Term must appear in anchor text of links pointing to the page

inanchor:"click here" filetype:pdf

Google Bing

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All terms in anchor text of linking pages

allinanchor:best SEO guide

Google

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Proximity search — two terms within X words of each other

"artificial intelligence" AROUND(3) "ethics"

Google

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Results published before this date (YYYY-MM-DD)

site:nytimes.com before:2024-01-01 election

Google

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Results published after this date (YYYY-MM-DD)

AI regulation after:2024-06-01

Google

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Find sites similar to the specified domain

related:nytimes.com

Google

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View Google's cached version of a page

cache:example.com/pricing

Google

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Dictionary definition of a term

define:serendipity

Google

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Get information Google has about a specific URL

info:wikipedia.org

Google

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News source filter in Google News

source:reuters AI regulation

Google Google Scholar

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Search for images with specific dimensions (WIDTHxHEIGHT)

imagesize:1920x1080 wallpaper nature

Google

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Force Google Maps results for a location

map:New York restaurants

Google

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Movie showtimes and information

movie:Inception

Google

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Weather forecast for a location

weather:London

Google

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Stock information for a ticker symbol

stocks:GOOGL

Google

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Search for an exact phrase match

"machine learning engineer"

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Yandex Google Scholar LinkedIn X-Ray

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Exclude a term or operator from results

jaguar -car -automobile

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Yandex Google Scholar LinkedIn X-Ray

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Boolean OR — match either of two terms

site:github.com (rust OR golang)

Google Bing DuckDuckGo Google Scholar LinkedIn X-Ray

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Wildcard placeholder for any word in a phrase

"how to * a website"

Google Bing

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Group terms and operators together

(React OR Vue OR Angular) developer

Google Bing Yandex LinkedIn X-Ray

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Search for hashtags

#throwbackthursday

Google

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Search for prices

camera $500

Google

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Numeric range search (e.g., 100..500)

camera $200..$500

Google

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Term must appear in the page body

inbody:"error 404" site:example.com

Bing DuckDuckGo

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Pages containing links to specified file type

contains:pdf training materials

Bing

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Pages hosted on a specific IP address

ip:104.21.234.56

Bing

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Emphasize a term in ranking results

prefer:tutorial Python web scraping

Bing

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Find RSS/Atom feeds on a topic

feed:technology news

Bing

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Pages that contain RSS/Atom feeds

hasfeed:cybersecurity blog

Bing

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Find a specific exact URL

url:example.com/pricing

Bing Yandex

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Restrict results by country/region code

loc:uk AI regulation

Bing

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Restrict results by content language

language:de machine learning

Bing GitHub

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Proximity search (similar to AROUND)

"artificial intelligence" near:5 "ethics"

Bing

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Boolean AND — both terms must appear (default in most engines)

Python AND "web scraping"

Bing PubMed LinkedIn X-Ray

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Boolean NOT — exclude term (alternative to -)

Python NOT Java

Bing PubMed

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Bang operator — redirect search to another site (!g=Google, !w=Wikipedia, !yt=YouTube)

!g site:reddit.com AI news

DuckDuckGo

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Restrict results by region code

region:ua web development

DuckDuckGo

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Restrict to a specific host (more precise than site:)

host:docs.python.org tutorial

Yandex

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Reverse host notation for pattern matching

rhost:com.github.* machine learning

Yandex

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File type restriction (Yandex equivalent of filetype:)

mime:pdf annual report

Yandex

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Language restriction (ru, en, uk, etc.)

lang:uk machine learning

Yandex

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Date restriction in YYYYMMDD format or range

date:20240101..20240630 AI news

Yandex

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Term in page title (Yandex equivalent of intitle:)

title:documentation Python API

Yandex Stack Overflow

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Search by author name (last name + initial)

Smith J[AU] AND cancer[TIAB]

PubMed

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Term must appear in article title or abstract

immunotherapy[TIAB] AND melanoma[TIAB]

PubMed

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Term must appear in article title only

CRISPR[TI] AND gene therapy[TI]

PubMed

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Publication date (YYYY or YYYY/MM/DD)

2024[DP] AND vaccine[TIAB]

PubMed

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Journal name or standard abbreviation

Nature[TA] AND CRISPR[TIAB]

PubMed

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Medical Subject Headings — controlled vocabulary terms

Neoplasms[MH] AND immunotherapy[TIAB]

PubMed

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Author affiliation / institution

Harvard[AD] AND neuroscience[TIAB]

PubMed

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Article type: Review, Clinical Trial, Meta-Analysis, etc.

Review[PT] AND diabetes[TIAB]

PubMed

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Language of publication

English[LA] AND cancer[TIAB]

PubMed

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Search by author name

author:"John Smith" deep learning

Google Scholar

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Filter by star count (supports >, <, ranges like 100..500)

stars:>1000 language:python

GitHub

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Filter by last push date

pushed:>2024-06-01 language:typescript

GitHub

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Filter by repository owner / user

user:torvalds language:c

GitHub Stack Overflow

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Filter by organization

org:google language:go

GitHub

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Search within a specific repository

repo:facebook/react hooks

GitHub

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Filter by file path within repository

path:src/components language:typescript

GitHub

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Filter by filename

filename:Dockerfile language:python

GitHub

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Filter by file extension

extension:rs async runtime

GitHub

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Filter by file size in bytes (supports >, <, ranges)

size:>10000 extension:json

GitHub

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Include or only show forks (true/only)

fork:only language:python

GitHub

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Filter by repository topic

topic:machine-learning stars:>500

GitHub

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Filter by license type (mit, apache-2.0, gpl-3.0, etc.)

license:mit language:typescript stars:>100

GitHub

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Repository visibility (public/private)

is:public language:go stars:>50

GitHub

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Filter by archived status (true/false)

archived:false language:rust stars:>100

GitHub

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Where to search: name, description, readme, topics

in:readme "getting started" language:typescript

GitHub

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Filter by technology tag

[javascript] async await error handling

Stack Overflow

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Only questions with an accepted answer

[python] is:accepted decorators

Stack Overflow

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Only closed questions

[python] is:closed duplicate

Stack Overflow

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Only questions (not answers)

[react] is:question hooks

Stack Overflow

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Only answers (not questions)

[react] is:answer hooks tutorial

Stack Overflow

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Minimum score (supports >, <, ranges)

[javascript] score:>50 promises

Stack Overflow

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Number of answers (supports >, <)

[python] answers:>5 pandas

Stack Overflow

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Number of views (supports >, <)

[react] views:>10000 hooks

Stack Overflow

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Filter by creation date

[typescript] created:>2024-01-01

Stack Overflow

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Search within post body text

[python] body:"import pandas"

Stack Overflow

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Has accepted answer (yes/no)

[python] hasaccepted:no pandas merge

Stack Overflow

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Restrict to LinkedIn profile pages (X-Ray base operator)

site:linkedin.com/in "React developer" "San Francisco"

LinkedIn X-Ray

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